安装

sudo apt install mysql-server

修改密码

su
mysql
select user, plugin from mysql.user;
update mysql.user set authentication_string=PASSWORD('123456'), plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
flush privileges;
exit
systemctl restart mysql

尝试密码登录：

mysql -uroot -p

修改字符集utf8mb4

vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

修改/添加：

[mysqld]
# ...
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
character-set-server = utf8mb4

vim /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf

修改/添加：

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

重启

systemctl restart mysql

验证，登录执行sql，应该能看到mb8字样

SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name REGEXP '^(character_set_|collation_).*';

参考链接

http://blog.51cto.com/walkerqt/2114531